The Big Bang: the beginning of time c. 13.8 billion years ago

NASA / WMAP Science Team · Public domain · file page ↗

Recombination: the first atoms and the release of cosmic light About 380,000 years after the Big Bang

NASA/WMAP Science Team · Public domain · file page ↗

The birth of cosmic magnetic fields c. 13.6 billion years ago

NASA/ESA/Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI) · Public domain · file page ↗

The first stars: the end of the cosmic dark age c. 13.6 billion years ago

NASA/WMAP Science Team · Public domain · file page ↗

The first black holes: stellar-mass remnants c. 13.5 billion years ago

ESO/L. Calçada · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The first supermassive black holes: the seed era c. 13.4 billion years ago

NASA/CXC/M. Weiss · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The Milky Way's earliest assembly c. 13.4 billion years ago

ESO/NASA/JPL-Caltech/M. Kornmesser/R. Hurt · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The first heavy elements: Population III supernovae c. 13.3 billion years ago

Oliver Krause (Steward Observatory) George H. Rieke (Steward Observatory) Stephan M. Birkmann (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie) Emeric Le Floc'h (Steward Observatory) Karl D. Gordon (Steward Observatory) Eiichi Egami (Steward Observatory) John Bieging (Steward Observatory) John P. Hughes (Rutgers University) Erick Young (Steward Observatory) Joannah L. Hinz (Steward Observatory) Sascha P. Quanz (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie) Dean C. Hines (Space Science Institute) · Public domain · file page ↗

Reionization: the universe becomes transparent c. 12.8 billion years ago (about 1 billion years after the Big Bang)

NASA, ESA, CSA, Joyce Kang (STScI) · Public domain · file page ↗

Reionization: the universe becomes transparent (2) c. 12.8 billion years ago (about 1 billion years after the Big Bang)

NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI) · Public domain · file page ↗

The first quasars: dawn of the supermassive black holes c. 12.7 billion years ago

ESO/M. Kornmesser · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

Cosmic Noon: The Peak of Star Formation c. 10 billion years ago (z ≈ 2, when the universe was ~3.5 billion years old)

NASA / ESA / Hubble Space Telescope · Public domain · file page ↗

Cosmic Noon: The Peak of Star Formation (2) c. 10 billion years ago (z ≈ 2, when the universe was ~3.5 billion years old)

ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, G. Östlin et al. (JADES, MIDIS collaborations) · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

Cosmic Noon: The Peak of Star Formation (3) c. 10 billion years ago (z ≈ 2, when the universe was ~3.5 billion years old)

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Binding of the Local Group c. 5 billion years ago (the threshold at which gravity overcame cosmic expansion locally)

Pablo Carlos Budassi · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The Binding of the Local Group (2) c. 5 billion years ago (the threshold at which gravity overcame cosmic expansion locally)

Brody Wesner · CC0 · file page ↗

The Binding of the Local Group (3) c. 5 billion years ago (the threshold at which gravity overcame cosmic expansion locally)

Antonio Ciccolella · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The formation of the Solar System c. 4.57 billion years ago

ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO) · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The shaping of the Oort Cloud and Kuiper Belt c. 4.55 billion years ago

NASA/JPL-Caltech · Public domain · file page ↗

The formation of Earth c. 4.54 billion years ago

H.Seldon · Public domain · file page ↗

The birth of the Moon: the Theia impact c. 4.51 billion years ago

NASA/JPL-Caltech · Public Domain · file page ↗

The Sun's magnetic cycle c. 4.5 billion years ago

NASA/SDO/HMI · Public domain · file page ↗

The first oceans c. 4.4 billion years ago

Gretarsson · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

Late Heavy Bombardment c. 4.1–3.8 billion years ago

NASA / Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter · Public Domain · file page ↗

First life: prokaryotic microorganisms c. 3.8 billion years ago

Paul Harrison · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The emergence of photosynthesis c. 3.5 billion years ago

Willem van Aken, CSIRO · CC BY 3.0 · file page ↗

Formation of the Kenorland supercontinent c. 2.7 billion years ago

242*1eqasdf · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Great Oxidation Event c. 2.4 billion years ago

James St. John · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The rise of the eukaryotic cell c. 2.1 billion years ago

Kelvinsong · CC0 · file page ↗

The Columbia (Nuna) supercontinent c. 1.8 billion years ago

Erlend Bjørtvedt (original author) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Rodinia supercontinent and its breakup c. 1.1 billion years ago

PebbleLetters · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The origins of multicellular life c. 1 billion years ago

Frank Fox · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · file page ↗

Snowball Earth c. 720–635 million years ago

Oleg Kuznetsov - 3depix - http://3depix.com/ · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Ediacaran biota: dawn of complex life c. 575 million years ago

Ryan Schwark · CC0 · file page ↗

The Cambrian explosion c. 538 million years ago

MakairodonX · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) c. 485 – 443 million years ago

PaleoEquii · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

Land turns green: the first terrestrial plants c. 470 million years ago

Jonathan Chen · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The emergence of insects c. 400 million years ago

Gaëlle Doitteau & Sandra DAILLIE · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

Onto land: the first tetrapods c. 375 million years ago

Eduard Solà · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Late Devonian extinction c. 372–359 million years ago

James St. John · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Pangaea: the last supercontinent c. 335 million years ago

Scotese, Christopher R.; Vérard, Christian; Burgener, Landon; Elling, Reece P.; Kocsis, Ádám T. · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The giant forests of the Carboniferous c. 320 million years ago

Falconaumanni · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The emergence of the first reptiles c. 320 million years ago

Xenarachne at English Wikipedia · Public domain · file page ↗

The end-Permian mass extinction c. 252 million years ago

Unknown · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Rise of the dinosaurs c. 230 million years ago

Kentaro Ohno · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The end-Triassic extinction c. 201 million years ago

Williamborg · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The breakup of Pangaea c. 175 million years ago

Scotese, Christopher R.; Vérard, Christian; Burgener, Landon; Elling, Reece P.; Kocsis, Ádám T. · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

First birds: from feathered theropods to modern avians c. 150 million years ago

H. Raab (User: Vesta) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Flowering plants: the angiosperm revolution c. 130 million years ago

Jonathan Chen · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The K-Pg extinction: the end of the dinosaurs c. 66 million years ago

O.V.E.R.V.I.E.W. · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Rise of mammals: the post-K-Pg world c. 66 million years ago

Stephan Lautenschlager, Pamela Gill, Zhe-Xi Luo, Michael J. Fagan, Emily J. Rayfield · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The first primates c. 55 million years ago

Jonathan Chen · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum c. 56 million years ago

Scotese, Christopher R.; Vérard, Christian; Burgener, Landon; Elling, Reece P.; Kocsis, Ádám T. · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

India strikes Asia: the rise of the Himalayas c. 50 million years ago

NASA Landsat · Public Domain · file page ↗

From land to sea: the evolution of whales c. 50–34 million years ago

Dominik Hammelsbruch · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Azolla event: global cooling catalyst c. 49 million years ago

Daniel J. Layton · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Antarctica freezes: the Eocene–Oligocene transition c. 34 million years ago

British Antarctic Survey (Bedmap2) · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The first apes: the origin of the Hominoidea c. 25 million years ago

Guérin Nicolas · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The spread of grasslands and savannas c. 20 million years ago

ProfessorX · Public domain · file page ↗

The rise of C4 grasses: the birth of savannas c. 15–7 million years ago

Adrian Pingstone · CC BY-SA 2.5 · file page ↗

Sahelanthropus tchadensis: the earliest known candidate hominin c. 7 million years ago

Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Messinian Salinity Crisis: the drying of the Mediterranean c. 5.96 million years ago

Paubahi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Ardi: a step before Lucy c. 4.4 million years ago

Chris Woodrich · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Lucy: a bipedal cousin in deep time c. 3.2 million years ago

120 · CC BY 2.5 · file page ↗

Great American Biotic Interchange c. 3 million years ago

Arent derivative work: WolfmanSF (talk) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Oldowan: the invention of the knapped stone c. 2.6 million years ago

José-Manuel Benito Álvarez (España) —> Locutus Borg · Public domain · file page ↗

Ice ages: the rhythm of the Pleistocene c. 2.6 million – 11,700 years ago

Hannes Grobe/AWI · CC BY 3.0 · file page ↗

Homo habilis: the "handy human" and the first stone tools c. 2.4 million years ago

John Hawks, Marina Elliott, Peter Schmid, Steven E. Churchill, Darryl J. de Ruiter, Eric M. Roberts, Hannah Hilbert-Wolf, Heather M. Garvin, Scott A. Williams, Lucas K. Delezene, Elen M. Feuerriegel, Patrick Randolph-Quinney, Tracy L. Kivell, Myra F. Laird, Gaokgatlhe Tawane, Jeremy M. DeSilva, Shara E. Bailey, Juliet K. Brophy, Marc R. Meyer, Matthew M. Skinner, Matthew W. Tocheri, Caroline VanSickle, Christopher S. Walker, Timothy L. Campbell, Brian Kuhn, Ashley Kruger, Steven Tucker, Alia Gurtov, Nompumelelo Hlophe, Rick Hunter, Hannah Morris, Becca Peixotto, Maropeng Ramalepa, Dirk van Rooyen, Mathabela Tsikoane, Pedro Boshoff, Paul H.G.M. Dirks, Lee R. Berger · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

Homo erectus: the first human to leave Africa c. 2 million years ago

Eduard Pop et al. · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The Acheulean handaxe: discovery of symmetry c. 1.7 million years ago

John Frere · Public domain · file page ↗

The control of fire c. 1 million years ago (date debated)

Werner Ustorf] · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

Homo heidelbergensis: common ancestor of Neanderthals and sapiens c. 700,000 years ago

Gerbil · CC BY 3.0 · file page ↗

Homo naledi: a small-brained human at Rising Star Cave c. 335,000 – 236,000 years ago

Lee Roger Berger research team · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The emergence of Homo sapiens c. 315,000 years ago

Ryan Somma from Occoquan, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

Denisovans: a third human species identified through DNA c. 200,000 – 30,000 years ago

Демин Алексей Барнаул · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The emergence of language c. 100,000 years ago (debated)

LuigiStudio · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Symbolic thought and the first deliberate burials c. 100,000 – 70,000 years ago

Vincent Mourre / Inrap · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The dispersal out of Africa c. 70,000 years ago

NordNordWest · Public domain · file page ↗

Crossing to Sahul: the first known human ocean voyage c. 65,000 years ago

Unknown · Public domain · file page ↗

The eyed needle and tailored clothing c. 50,000 – 40,000 years ago

Thamizhpparithi Maari · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Neanderthals: the other humans of Eurasia c. 400,000 – 40,000 BCE

Ryan Schwark · CC0 · file page ↗

Dog domestication: from wolf to first companion species c. 30,000 – 15,000 BCE

Don Hitchcock · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Lascaux: a gallery beneath the ground c. 17,000 BCE

Jack Versloot · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Pottery: clay made permanent, time put in storage c. 16,000 – 7,000 BCE (independent inventions)

Netherzone · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Natufian: settled life before agriculture c. 13,000 – 9500 BCE

Guyassaf · Public domain · file page ↗

Obsidian trade: a distant source, a shared tool from c. 12,000 BCE onward

Ji-Elle It feels nice and warm It feels like a love storm · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The origin of agriculture: the Fertile Crescent c. 10,000 – 8,500 BCE

Notafly · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The start of the Holocene: civilisation's climate window c. 9700 BCE

K. Makinson · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Göbekli Tepe: the world's oldest sanctuary c. 11,500 – 9,500 BCE

Spica-Vega Photo Arts (Banu Nazikcan) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Göbekli Tepe: the world's oldest sanctuary (2) c. 11,500 – 9,500 BCE

Philrock · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Göbekli Tepe: the world's oldest sanctuary (3) c. 11,500 – 9,500 BCE

Arekrishna · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Göbekli Tepe: the world's oldest sanctuary (4) c. 11,500 – 9,500 BCE

Guérin Nicolas · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Jericho: the oldest known continuously occupied settlement c. 9500 BCE

Fullo88 at Italian Wikipedia · Public domain · file page ↗

Çatalhöyük: one of the world's earliest large settlements c. 7,400 – 5,700 BCE

Murat Özsoy 1958 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

First cheese and beer: calories transformed by fermentation c. 8000 – 5000 BCE

unknown master · Public domain · file page ↗

Irrigation farming: when grain broke free of the rain c. 6000 BCE

Noumenon · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Sumerian city-states c. 3500 – 2000 BCE

Tla2006 at English Wikipedia · Public domain · file page ↗

The invention of the wheel c. 3500 BCE

BabelStone · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Bronze Age: how copper and tin remade the world c. 3300 BCE

Klaus-Peter Simon · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The birth of cuneiform writing c. 3200 BCE

Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Indus Valley civilization c. 3300 – 1300 BCE

Saqib Qayyum · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Stonehenge: megaliths aligned to the sky c. 3,000 – 2,000 BCE

garethwiscombe · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Elamite civilization c. 2700 – 540 BCE

Mobina ghanbaryan · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Great Pyramid of Giza c. 2560 BCE

kallerna · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Akkadian Empire c. 2334 – 2154 BCE

Shonagon · CC0 · file page ↗

The Code of Ur-Nammu and Lipit-Ishtar c. 2100 BCE

Istanbul Archaeology Museums · CC0 · file page ↗

Minoan civilization c. 3000 – 1100 BCE

Bernard Gagnon · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Assyrian Trade Colonies and Karum Network c. 1950 – 1750 BCE

Klaus-Peter Simon · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The rise of Babylon c. 1800 BCE

LBM1948 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Code of Hammurabi c. 1754 BCE

Mbzt · CC BY 3.0 · file page ↗

The Hittites: Anatolia's first great power c. 1650 – 1180 BCE

Klaus-Peter Simon · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Mycenaean Civilization ca. 1600 BCE (rise of the Mycenaean palace civilization)

Gleb Simonov · Public domain · file page ↗

Mycenaean Civilization (2) ca. 1600 BCE (rise of the Mycenaean palace civilization)

Joyofmuseums · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Mycenaean Civilization (3) ca. 1600 BCE (rise of the Mycenaean palace civilization)

Alexikoua · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Shang Dynasty ca. 1600 BCE (founding of the Shang Dynasty)

Mlogic · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Shang Dynasty (2) ca. 1600 BCE (founding of the Shang Dynasty)

Gary Lee Todd · CC0 · file page ↗

The Shang Dynasty (3) ca. 1600 BCE (founding of the Shang Dynasty)

xiquinhosilva · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The mastery of iron and the dawn of the Iron Age c. 1500 – 1200 BCE

Przykuta · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The emergence of Judaism c. 2nd millennium – 6th century BCE

NYC Guru · Public domain · file page ↗

The Battle and Treaty of Kadesh 1274 BCE (battle) / 1259 BCE (treaty)

Olaf Tausch · CC BY 3.0 · file page ↗

The Late Bronze Age collapse and the Sea Peoples c. 1200 – 1150 BCE

Unknown artistUnknown artist in pay of Ramesses III · Public domain · file page ↗

The Olmec Civilization ca. 1500–400 BCE (peak: 1200 BCE, San Lorenzo)

Gary Todd · CC0 · file page ↗

The Olmec Civilization (2) ca. 1500–400 BCE (peak: 1200 BCE, San Lorenzo)

Alfonsobouchot · Public domain · file page ↗

The Olmec Civilization (3) ca. 1500–400 BCE (peak: 1200 BCE, San Lorenzo)

Madman2001 · CC BY 3.0 · file page ↗

The Phoenicians and the spread of the alphabet c. 1100 – 300 BCE

Matson Photo Service, photographer, published in 1936 · Public domain · file page ↗

The Homeric Epics: Iliad and Odyssey ca. 8th century BCE (transition from oral tradition to writing)

Yair Haklai · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Homeric Epics: Iliad and Odyssey (2) ca. 8th century BCE (transition from oral tradition to writing)

Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Homeric Epics: Iliad and Odyssey (3) ca. 8th century BCE (transition from oral tradition to writing)

Sosias Painter (attributed) · Public domain · file page ↗

Lydia and the invention of coinage c. 7th–6th century BCE

Unknown artistUnknown artist · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Buddha and the birth of Buddhism c. 563 – 483 BCE

พระมหาเทวประภาส วชิรญาณเมธี (ผู้ถ่าย-ปล่อยสัญญาอนุญาตภาพให้นำไปใช้ได้เพื่อการศึกษาโดยอยู่ภา่ยใต้ cc-by-sa-3.0) ผู้สร้างสรรค์ผลงาน/ส่งข้อมูลเก็บในคลังข้อมูลเสรีวิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์ - เทวประภาส มากคล้าย · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Confucius and the Confucian tradition c. 551 – 479 BCE

Wu Daozi, 685-758, Tang Dynasty. · Public domain · file page ↗

The Achaemenid Persian Empire: Cyrus and the first world empire 550 – 330 BCE

Prioryman · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Taoism and the Tao Te Ching ca. 6th century BCE (traditional dating of Laozi)

Zhang Lu (1464–1538) · Public domain · file page ↗

Taoism and the Tao Te Ching (2) ca. 6th century BCE (traditional dating of Laozi)

Gary Todd · CC0 · file page ↗

Taoism and the Tao Te Ching (3) ca. 6th century BCE (traditional dating of Laozi)

liuzr99 · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

The Birth of Ancient Greek Theatre ca. 534 BCE (Thespis introduced as the first solo actor)

dronepicr · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Birth of Ancient Greek Theatre (2) ca. 534 BCE (Thespis introduced as the first solo actor)

Carole Raddato · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

The Birth of Ancient Greek Theatre (3) ca. 534 BCE (Thespis introduced as the first solo actor)

Gary Todd · CC0 · file page ↗

The founding of the Roman Republic 509 – 27 BCE

Wilfredor · CC0 · file page ↗

The birth of Athenian democracy 508 BCE

Ggia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Battle of Marathon: the Persian army halted at Athens 490 BCE

Georges Rochegrosse (1859–1938) · Public Domain · file page ↗

The Peloponnesian War: the self-destruction of the Greek world 431 – 404 BCE

Zde (Wikimedia user) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Peloponnesian War: the self-destruction of the Greek world (2) 431 – 404 BCE

A.Savin · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Alexander the Great and the birth of the Hellenistic world 336 – 323 BCE

Unknown authorUnknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

The dawn of the Hellenistic Age: Alexander's death and the partition of the world 323 BCE

Wikimedia user 'History of Persia' · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The dawn of the Hellenistic Age: Alexander's death and the partition of the world (2) 323 BCE

Musée du Louvre (public domain release) · CC0 · file page ↗

The dawn of the Hellenistic Age: Alexander's death and the partition of the world (3) 323 BCE

Jan Mehlich (Lestat) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Euclid's Elements: the birth of mathematical proof c. 300 BCE

Unknown ancient scribe (Oxyrhynchus, Egypt); photograph by the Egypt Exploration Society / Bodleian Library · Public domain · file page ↗

Euclid's Elements: the birth of mathematical proof (2) c. 300 BCE

Bibhistor (Wikimedia user) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Library of Alexandria: the ancient world's center of knowledge c. 280s BCE

O. Von Corven (19. yüzyıl çizimi) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Archimedes and mathematical physics c. 250 BCE

Domenico Fetti · Public domain · file page ↗

The Edicts of Ashoka: an empire's conscience inscribed in stone c. 269 – 232 BCE (the reign of Ashoka)

Bpilgrim (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 2.5 · file page ↗

Eratosthenes measures the Earth c. 240 BCE

Unknown (public domain engraving) · Public domain · file page ↗

Qin Shi Huang and the unification of China 221 – 206 BCE

xiquinhosilva · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Qin 'long wall': the first unified Great Wall of China c. 221 – 206 BCE

Lloyd Tudor (Wikimedia user BLloydT) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Hannibal crosses the Alps: the Second Punic War 218 – 201 BCE (Second Punic War)

Bilinmeyen Roma sanatçısı (büst, MÖ 2.–1. yy?) · Public Domain · file page ↗

The destruction of Carthage: the end of the Punic world 149 – 146 BCE (Third Punic War)

Edward Poynter (1836–1919) · Public domain · file page ↗

The opening of the Silk Road: a corridor that connected continents c. 130 BCE (Zhang Qian's return: 126 BCE)

Anonymous Tang Dynasty painter, c. 8th century CE; photo uploaded by Wikimedia user PHG · Public domain (PD-Art, original 8th century fresco) · file page ↗

The assassination of Julius Caesar: the last act of the Republic 15 March 44 BCE

Vincenzo Camuccini (1771–1844) · Public domain (PD-Art, painter died 1844) · file page ↗

Augustus and the founding of the Roman Empire 27 BCE

Pablordas · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The birth of Christianity c. 30 CE

Carl Bloch · Public domain · file page ↗

Vesuvius and the burial of Pompeii 24 October 79 CE

ElfQrin · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Ptolemy and the Almagest c. 150 CE

Unknown (1476 engraving) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Sasanian Empire 224 – 651 CE

Safa.daneshvar · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The dawn of the Maya Classic Period: city-states in the rainforest c. 250 CE (beginning of the Classic Period)

Raymond Ostertag (Wikimedia user Zigomar) · CC BY-SA 2.5 · file page ↗

The Diocletianic reforms and the Tetrarchy: the birth of late antiquity 285 CE (Tetrarchy completed in 293)

Wolfgang Moroder · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Edict of Milan: legal freedom for Christianity 313 CE

Bilinmeyen Roma heykeltıraşı (4. yy) · Public Domain · file page ↗

The Migration Period: the redrawing of Europe from the Danube 376 — c. 568 CE

Lodovico Pogliaghi (1857–1950) · Public domain · file page ↗

Alaric's sack of Rome: the fall of the Eternal City 24 August 410 CE

Joseph-Noël Sylvestre (1847–1926) · Public domain · file page ↗

The fall of the Western Roman Empire 476 CE

Joseph-Noël Sylvestre · Public domain · file page ↗

Hagia Sophia: the apex of Byzantine architecture 537 CE (27 December, opening)

Adli Wahid · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Justinianic Plague: the demographic collapse of the Mediterranean world 541 – 549 CE (first wave)

Josse Lieferinxe (c. 1497–1499) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Justinianic Plague: the demographic collapse of the Mediterranean world (2) 541 – 549 CE (first wave)

José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Justinianic Plague: the demographic collapse of the Mediterranean world (3) 541 – 549 CE (first wave)

Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH · Public domain · file page ↗

The Hijra: the beginning of the Islamic calendar 622 CE

TheHadiRahim · CC0 · file page ↗

The founding of the Umayyad Caliphate: the move of the caliphate to Damascus 661 – 750 CE

Bernard Gagnon · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The founding of the Umayyad Caliphate: the move of the caliphate to Damascus (2) 661 – 750 CE

Originally United States federal government; recoloured by Al Ameer son · Public domain · file page ↗

The founding of the Umayyad Caliphate: the move of the caliphate to Damascus (3) 661 – 750 CE

Ralf Roletschek · GFDL 1.2 · file page ↗

The Battle of Tours: Islam's advance halts in Western Europe 732 (or 733) CE

Charles de Steuben · Public domain · file page ↗

The Abbasid Revolution and the road to Islam's golden age 750 CE

Sheperd, William R.; Historical Atlas; New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1911. 53. · Public domain · file page ↗

The Battle of Talas: paper's road to the west July 751 CE

SY (Wikimedia Commons user Seasonsinthesun) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Battle of Talas: paper's road to the west (2) July 751 CE

Unknown / Tang era (printed 868 CE); British Library copy · CC0 / Public Domain · file page ↗

The Battle of Talas: paper's road to the west (3) July 751 CE

Natural Earth (base data); Wikimedia user contribution · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Al-Andalus: the founding of another civilisation at Córdoba 756 CE (Abd al-Rahman I proclaims the emirate at Córdoba)

Kallerna (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Al-Andalus: the founding of another civilisation at Córdoba (2) 756 CE (Abd al-Rahman I proclaims the emirate at Córdoba)

Toni Castillo Quero · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

The raid on Lindisfarne and the Viking Age 8 June 793 — start of the Viking Age

Petter Ulleland · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Charlemagne: the crowning of the Carolingian Empire 25 December 800

Charlemagne. Autorité émettrice de monnaie indéterminé. Atelier monétaire. Émetteur · Public domain · file page ↗

Al-Khwarizmi: algebra, algorithm, and zero on their way to Europe c. 820 CE (Hisab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala written)

USSR Post (designer A. Adashev), 1983 · Public domain · file page ↗

Al-Khwarizmi: algebra, algorithm, and zero on their way to Europe (2) c. 820 CE (Hisab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala written)

Al-Khwarizmi (original); 13th-century Latin scribe (manuscript copy) · Public domain · file page ↗

The House of Wisdom and al-Khwarizmi: the birth of algebra c. 820 CE (al-Khwarizmi's Book of Algebra)

Zarateman · CC0 · file page ↗

The Kara-Khanids: the first Turkic-Muslim state c. 940 (10th century)

Zossolino · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Song Dynasty: the age of gunpowder, printing and the compass 960 (960–1279 CE)

Zhang Zeduan · Public domain · file page ↗

The Holy Roman Empire: the coronation of Otto 2 February 962

Photograph by Wikimedia user Finanzer; crown itself c. 10th century, Holy Roman Empire · Public domain · file page ↗

The Holy Roman Empire: the coronation of Otto (2) 2 February 962

Anonymous medieval illuminator · Public domain · file page ↗

Ibn al-Haytham and the Book of Optics: a science built by experiment c. 1015 CE (Kitab al-Manazir written in Cairo)

ActuaLitté (Flickr) · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

Ibn al-Haytham and the Book of Optics: a science built by experiment (2) c. 1015 CE (Kitab al-Manazir written in Cairo)

Unknown illustrator (1572 Latin edition of Opticae Thesaurus) · Public domain · file page ↗

Ibn Sina and the Canon: medieval medicine's central textbook c. 1025 CE (al-Qanun fi al-Tibb completed)

National Library of Medicine · No restrictions · file page ↗

The Great Seljuk Empire 1037 (founding period)

Ehsan Doostmohammadi · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Great Schism: the splitting of Christendom 1054 CE

Barrikader (talk · contribs) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Norman Conquest of England and the Battle of Hastings 14 October 1066 CE

Unknown · Public domain · file page ↗

Manzikert: Anatolia opens to the Turks 26 August 1071 CE

Unknown authorUnknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

The Sultanate of Rum: the first Turkish state in Anatolia 1077 CE

Dosseman · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The beginning of the Crusades 1095 — the start of the Crusades

Unknown authorUnknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

The rise of Scholasticism and the first universities c. 1100 (11th–12th century)

Laurentius de Voltolina · Public domain · file page ↗

The rise of Scholasticism and the first universities (2) c. 1100 (11th–12th century)

Carlo Crivelli · Public domain · file page ↗

Angkor Wat and the Khmer Empire c. 1150 CE

sam garza · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Saladin and the recapture of Jerusalem 1187 CE

Matthew Paris · Public domain · file page ↗

The founding of the Mongol Empire 1206 — proclamation of Genghis Khan

Unknown authorUnknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

Magna Carta: the king is also bound by the law 15 June 1215 CE

Original authors were the barons and King John of England. Uploaded by Earthsound. · Public domain · file page ↗

The Florentine florin and the birth of modern banking 1252 CE

Photograph of a 1347 Florentine florin; coin itself anonymous, Republic of Florence mint · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Florentine florin and the birth of modern banking (2) 1252 CE

Quinten Metsys · Public domain · file page ↗

The sack of Baghdad and the end of the Abbasid Caliphate 1258 CE

Sayf al-vâhidî et al. · Public domain · file page ↗

Marco Polo's journey to the East 1271 — departure from Venice for the East

Manuscript Fr. 2810, Bibliothèque nationale de France; photographed by Wikimedia user Tangopaso · Public domain · file page ↗

Marco Polo's journey to the East (2) 1271 — departure from Venice for the East

Manuscript Fr. 2810, Bibliothèque nationale de France; photographed by Wikimedia user Tangopaso · Public domain · file page ↗

The founding of the Ottoman state c. 1299 (traditional date)

Yahya Bustanzâde · Public domain · file page ↗

Mansa Musa's pilgrimage and the Mali Empire 1324 CE

attributed to Abraham Cresques · Public domain · file page ↗

The founding of Tenochtitlan: the Aztec capital c. 1325 CE

Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China · CC0 · file page ↗

The Hundred Years' War: the end of the age of chivalry 1337–1453

Loyset Liédet (illuminator), from Jean Froissart's Chronicles (15th c.) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Hundred Years' War: the end of the age of chivalry (2) 1337–1453

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1854) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Hundred Years' War: the end of the age of chivalry (3) 1337–1453

Jules Eugène Lenepveu (1886–1890), Panthéon de Paris · Public domain · file page ↗

The Black Death 1347–1351

Pierart dou Tielt (fl. 1340-1360) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Hanseatic League: a network of northern merchant towns c. 1356 (first diet)

Christian Wolf (User:Dr. Chriss) · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · file page ↗

The Hanseatic League: a network of northern merchant towns (2) c. 1356 (first diet)

Chattus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Hanseatic League: a network of northern merchant towns (3) c. 1356 (first diet)

Olaf Rahardt · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Timurid Empire and the rise of Samarkand 1370 — Timur takes power in Samarkand

Wikimedia user Bgag · CC0 · file page ↗

The Timurid Empire and the rise of Samarkand (2) 1370 — Timur takes power in Samarkand

Wikimedia user Bgag · CC0 · file page ↗

The Italian Renaissance: the birth of humanism c. 1350–1500 (late Trecento – early Quattrocento)

Petar Milošević · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Italian Renaissance: the birth of humanism (2) c. 1350–1500 (late Trecento – early Quattrocento)

Sandro Botticelli (c. 1480), Uffizi Gallery, Florence · Public domain · file page ↗

The Italian Renaissance: the birth of humanism (3) c. 1350–1500 (late Trecento – early Quattrocento)

Masaccio (c. 1427), Santa Maria Novella, Florence · Public domain · file page ↗

The rise of the Inca Empire 1438 — Pachacuti's accession and the birth of Tahuantinsuyu

Pedro Szekely (Flickr) · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

The rise of the Inca Empire (2) 1438 — Pachacuti's accession and the birth of Tahuantinsuyu

Diego Delso (delso.photo) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Gutenberg's press: movable metal type c. 1440s

Original by Johannes Gutenberg (printer), Scan by Jossi · Public domain · file page ↗

The Fall of Constantinople 29 May 1453

Arild Vågen · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The fall of Granada and the Sephardic expulsion 1492

Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz · Public domain · file page ↗

The fall of Granada and the Sephardic expulsion (2) 1492

Emilio Sala Francés · Public domain · file page ↗

Columbus's transatlantic voyage and the meeting of two worlds 12 October 1492

Sebastiano del Piombo · Public domain · file page ↗

Vasco da Gama reaches India by sea 20 May 1498

Alfredo Roque Gameiro · Public domain · file page ↗

Vasco da Gama reaches India by sea (2) 20 May 1498

Alfredo Roque Gameiro · Public domain · file page ↗

Vasco da Gama reaches India by sea (3) 20 May 1498

Veloso Salgado · Public domain · file page ↗

The three Gunpowder Empires: Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal Early 16th century

Anonymous Ottoman miniaturist, Şükrî-i Bitlisî's Selimname (c. 1525) · Public domain · file page ↗

The three Gunpowder Empires: Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal (2) Early 16th century

Anonymous Mughal court painter, from an illustrated Baburnama manuscript (late 16th c.) · Public domain · file page ↗

The three Gunpowder Empires: Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal (3) Early 16th century

Probably Aqa Riza, c. 1605–1615 (British Museum 1921,1011,0.3) · Public domain · file page ↗

The rise of mercantilism: the state measures wealth in precious metals 16th–18th century

Claude Lefèbvre · Public domain · file page ↗

The rise of mercantilism: the state measures wealth in precious metals (2) 16th–18th century

Anonymous (16th-century engraving) · Public domain · file page ↗

The rise of mercantilism: the state measures wealth in precious metals (3) 16th–18th century

Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala (after early colonial sources) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Reformation — Luther's 95 Theses and the breaking of the Roman Church's monopoly 31 October 1517

Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472–1553) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Reformation — Luther's 95 Theses and the breaking of the Roman Church's monopoly (2) 31 October 1517

Anonymous (1517 printed broadside) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Reformation — Luther's 95 Theses and the breaking of the Roman Church's monopoly (3) 31 October 1517

Ferdinand Pauwels (1830–1904) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Copernican revolution 1543

Copernican_heliocentrism_diagram.jpg: Own work from Copernicus 1543 derivative work: Professor marginalia (talk) · Public domain · file page ↗

Vesalius and modern anatomy 1543

Woodcut attributed to the workshop of Titian (Jan Stephan van Calcar) · Public domain · file page ↗

Vesalius and modern anatomy (2) 1543

Jan Stephan van Calcar · Public domain · file page ↗

Lepanto: the last great battle of oared fleets 7 October 1571

Laureys a Castro · Public domain · file page ↗

The Baroque age: light, motion and spectacle c. 1600–1750 (early Seicento – the death of Bach)

Caravaggio (1599–1600), San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome · Public domain · file page ↗

The Baroque age: light, motion and spectacle (2) c. 1600–1750 (early Seicento – the death of Bach)

Photo by Alvesgaspar (sculpture by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 1647–1652, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Baroque age: light, motion and spectacle (3) c. 1600–1750 (early Seicento – the death of Bach)

Myrabella (Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles, completed 1684) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The East India Companies and the rise of corporate sovereignty 1600–1602

Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom (1562–1640) · Public domain · file page ↗

The East India Companies and the rise of corporate sovereignty (2) 1600–1602

Reconstruction by Wikimedia user Himasaram of a 17th-century flag design · Public domain · file page ↗

The Amsterdam Exchange and the birth of the modern securities market 1602

Job Adriaensz. Berckheyde (1630–1693) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Amsterdam Exchange and the birth of the modern securities market (2) 1602

Claes Jansz. Visscher (II) (1587–1652) · Public domain · file page ↗

Don Quixote: the first modern novel 1605 (first volume)

Juan de la Cuesta (printer) · Public domain · file page ↗

Don Quixote: the first modern novel (2) 1605 (first volume)

Attributed to Juan de Jáuregui · Public domain · file page ↗

Galileo turns the telescope to the sky 1610

Justus Sustermans (1597–1681) · Public domain · file page ↗

Galileo turns the telescope to the sky (2) 1610

Zde (photograph of facsimile at Museo Galileo, Florence) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Galileo turns the telescope to the sky (3) 1610

Galileo Galilei (1610); scan: History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries · Public domain · file page ↗

The Thirty Years' War — Europe's most destructive war of religion and politics 1618–1648

Václav Brožík (1851–1901) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Thirty Years' War — Europe's most destructive war of religion and politics (2) 1618–1648

Jacques Callot (1592–1635) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Thirty Years' War — Europe's most destructive war of religion and politics (3) 1618–1648

Unidentified 17th-century engraver · Public domain · file page ↗

Kepler's three laws of planetary motion 1609–1619

Unknown artist, 17th century · Public domain · file page ↗

Kepler's three laws of planetary motion (2) 1609–1619

Johannes Kepler (1596) · Public domain · file page ↗

Kepler's three laws of planetary motion (3) 1609–1619

Johannes Kepler (1596) · Public domain · file page ↗

Harvey and the circulation of blood 1628

Unknown (17th-century portrait) · Public domain · file page ↗

Descartes and analytic geometry 1637

After Frans Hals (c. 1582–1666) · Public domain · file page ↗

Descartes and analytic geometry (2) 1637

René Descartes (1637); photograph of original page · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Descartes and analytic geometry (3) 1637

Ian Maire (publisher, Leiden, 1637) · Public domain · file page ↗

Tulip Mania: the first bubble — story and reality 1636–1637

Unknown 17th-century artist (anonymous watercolour, c. 1640) · Public domain · file page ↗

Tulip Mania: the first bubble — story and reality (2) 1636–1637

Hans Bollongier (c. 1598 – c. 1672) · Public domain · file page ↗

Tulip Mania: the first bubble — story and reality (3) 1636–1637

Hendrik Gerritsz Pot (c. 1580 – 1657) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Peace of Westphalia — symbolic birth date of the modern state system October 1648

Gerard ter Borch (1617–1681) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Peace of Westphalia — symbolic birth date of the modern state system (2) October 1648

Photographer: Årvasbåo (Wikimedia Commons contributor) · Public domain · file page ↗

The microscope and the invisible world 1665

Jan Verkolje · Public domain · file page ↗

The second siege of Vienna: the end of expansion 12 September 1683

Frans Geffels · Public domain · file page ↗

The second siege of Vienna: the end of expansion (2) 12 September 1683

Pierre-Denis Martin · Public domain · file page ↗

Newton's Principia: the laws of motion and gravitation 1687

Godfrey Kneller · Public domain · file page ↗

The Age of Enlightenment: sapere aude c. 1680–1789 (Newton/Locke – the French Revolution)

Joseph Wright of Derby (1768), National Gallery, London · Public domain · file page ↗

The Age of Enlightenment: sapere aude (2) c. 1680–1789 (Newton/Locke – the French Revolution)

Diderot and d'Alembert (eds.), Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, vol. I (1751) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Age of Enlightenment: sapere aude (3) c. 1680–1789 (Newton/Locke – the French Revolution)

Nicolas de Largillière (c. 1724–1725), Musée Carnavalet, Paris · CC0 · file page ↗

The Rationalism–Empiricism Debate 17th–18th century

Allan Ramsay (1713–1784) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Rationalism–Empiricism Debate (2) 17th–18th century

Godfrey Kneller (1646–1723) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Steam Engine: From Newcomen to Watt 1712

Robert Henry Thurston (1839–1903), after Boulton & Watt drawings · Public domain · file page ↗

The Steam Engine: From Newcomen to Watt (2) 1712

After Henry Beighton, 1717 engraving · Public domain · file page ↗

The Classical era in music: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven c. 1750–1820 (the death of Bach – the late Beethoven)

Engraving by Jean-Baptiste Delafosse after Louis Carrogis Carmontelle (1763–1764) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Classical era in music: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven (2) c. 1750–1820 (the death of Bach – the late Beethoven)

Joseph Karl Stieler (1820) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Classical era in music: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven (3) c. 1750–1820 (the death of Bach – the late Beethoven)

Dguendel (Esterháza Palace, Fertőd, Hungary) · CC BY 3.0 · file page ↗

The Lisbon earthquake: catastrophe becomes worldly 1 November 1755

Unknown author (contemporary German copper engraving) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Lisbon earthquake: catastrophe becomes worldly (2) 1 November 1755

Pedro Ribeiro Simões · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Industrial Revolution from c. 1760 onward

Philip James de Loutherbourg · Public domain · file page ↗

The American Declaration of Independence 4 July 1776

John Trumbull (1756–1843) · Public domain · file page ↗

The American Declaration of Independence (2) 4 July 1776

Engrossed by Timothy Matlack; signed 1776; this is the iconic NARA-held parchment · Public domain · file page ↗

Classical Liberalism and the Birth of Capitalism — Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations 9 March 1776

After James Tassie (paste medallion, 1787) · Public domain · file page ↗

Classical Liberalism and the Birth of Capitalism — Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (2) 9 March 1776

W. Strahan and T. Cadell (publishers, 1776) · Public domain · file page ↗

Classical Liberalism and the Birth of Capitalism — Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (3) 9 March 1776

Sir Godfrey Kneller (1697) · Public domain · file page ↗

The French Revolution 1789

Unidentified painter · Public domain · file page ↗

Lavoisier and the chemical revolution 1789

Jacques-Louis David · Public domain · file page ↗

Lavoisier and the chemical revolution (2) 1789

Jacques-Louis David (attributed) · Public domain · file page ↗

Jenner and the birth of vaccination 1796

Unknown (public domain portrait) · Public domain · file page ↗

Dalton's atomic theory: the quantitative architecture of matter 1803 – 1808

Joseph Allen (after); engraving published 19th century · Public domain · file page ↗

Dalton's atomic theory: the quantitative architecture of matter (2) 1803 – 1808

John Dalton · Public domain · file page ↗

The Napoleonic Wars 1803 – 1815

Jacques-Louis David (1748–1825) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Napoleonic Wars (2) 1803 – 1815

Francisco de Goya (1746–1828) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Napoleonic Wars (3) 1803 – 1815

William Sadler II (c. 1782–1839) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Congress of Vienna September 1814 – June 1815

Anonymous engraver, after Jean-Baptiste Isabey (1767–1855) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Congress of Vienna (2) September 1814 – June 1815

Thomas Lawrence (1769–1830) · Public domain · file page ↗

Beethoven's Ninth Symphony 7 May 1824 (premiere)

Joseph Karl Stieler · Public domain · file page ↗

Beethoven's Ninth Symphony (2) 7 May 1824 (premiere)

Unknown (1824 playbill) · Public domain · file page ↗

Lyell and deep time 1830

Unknown (19th-century portrait) · Public domain · file page ↗

The railway age: opening of the Liverpool–Manchester line 15 September 1830

Unknown 19th-century engraver · Public domain · file page ↗

The railway age: opening of the Liverpool–Manchester line (2) 15 September 1830

I. Shaw, Junior · Public domain · file page ↗

Faraday and electromagnetic induction 1831

Unknown 19th-century photographer · Public domain · file page ↗

The Opium Wars and the opening of China's 'Century of Humiliation' 1839 – 1842 (First); 1856 – 1860 (Second)

Edward Duncan (1843) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Opium Wars and the opening of China's 'Century of Humiliation' (2) 1839 – 1842 (First); 1856 – 1860 (Second)

Unknown 19th-century Chinese painter · Public domain · file page ↗

The Opium Wars and the opening of China's 'Century of Humiliation' (3) 1839 – 1842 (First); 1856 – 1860 (Second)

Captain John Platt (1846) · Public domain · file page ↗

The birth of photography 19 August 1839 (daguerreotype made public)

Louis Daguerre · Public domain · file page ↗

The birth of photography (2) 19 August 1839 (daguerreotype made public)

Jean-Baptiste Sabatier-Blot · Public domain · file page ↗

The birth of photography (3) 19 August 1839 (daguerreotype made public)

John Moffat · Public domain · file page ↗

The Tanzimat Edict: Imperial Rescript of Gülhane 3 November 1839

Unknown 19th-century painter (SALT Research) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Tanzimat Edict: Imperial Rescript of Gülhane (2) 3 November 1839

Unknown 19th-century painter · Public domain · file page ↗

The Morse telegraph: "What hath God wrought" 24 May 1844

Zubro (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Morse telegraph: "What hath God wrought" (2) 24 May 1844

Mathew Brady (attrib.) · Public domain · file page ↗

Semmelweis and the discovery of handwashing 1847

József Borsos · Public domain · file page ↗

The Communist Manifesto — Marx and Engels February 1848

J. E. Burghard, London (1848) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Communist Manifesto — Marx and Engels (2) February 1848

John Jabez Edwin Mayall (c. 1875) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Communist Manifesto — Marx and Engels (3) February 1848

Unknown (c. 1840) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Springtime of Peoples and the Rise of Modern Nationalism 1848

Unknown 1848 lithographer · Public domain · file page ↗

The Springtime of Peoples and the Rise of Modern Nationalism (2) 1848

Francesco Hayez (1859) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Taiping Rebellion: the deadliest war of the 19th century 1850 – 1864

Unknown 19th-century Chinese artist (commissioned by Tianjing merchants) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Taiping Rebellion: the deadliest war of the 19th century (2) 1850 – 1864

Unknown 19th-century Chinese artist · Public domain · file page ↗

The Taiping Rebellion: the deadliest war of the 19th century (3) 1850 – 1864

Geruzet Frères (Belgian, active c. 1870–1889) · Public domain · file page ↗

The second law of thermodynamics and entropy 1850 – 1865

AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Lande Collection · CC0 · file page ↗

The second law of thermodynamics and entropy (2) 1850 – 1865

Eric Gaba (Wikimedia user Sting) · Public domain · file page ↗

Darwin: On the Origin of Species 24 November 1859

Charles_Darwin_seated.jpg: Henry Maull (1829–1914) and John Fox (1832–1907) (Maull & Fox) [3] derivative work: Beao · Public domain · file page ↗

The American Civil War 1861 – 1865

Alexander Gardner · Public domain · file page ↗

The American Civil War (2) 1861 – 1865

Alexander Gardner · Public domain · file page ↗

The American Civil War (3) 1861 – 1865

Thure de Thulstrup · Public domain · file page ↗

Pasteur and the germ theory 1861

Paul Nadar · Public domain · file page ↗

Maxwell's electromagnetic equations 1865

Unknown 19th-century photographer · Public domain · file page ↗

Mendel and the laws of heredity 1866

Unknown 19th-century photographer · Public domain · file page ↗

The transatlantic cable: the world's shrinking hours 27 July 1866

Harper's Weekly engraver (1865) · No restrictions (Internet Archive Book Images / Public domain) · file page ↗

The transatlantic cable: the world's shrinking hours (2) 27 July 1866

Unknown 19th-century cartographer (Howe's Adventures & Achievements of Americans) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Meiji Restoration 1868

Takagi Haisui (after Uchida Kuichi) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Meiji Restoration (2) 1868

Unknown photographer · Public domain · file page ↗

The Meiji Restoration (3) 1868

Oomoto (1894) · Public domain · file page ↗

Mendeleev's periodic table March 1869

Dmitri Mendeleev · Public domain · file page ↗

Mendeleev's periodic table (2) March 1869

Unknown 19th-century photographer · Public domain · file page ↗

The Opening of the Suez Canal 17 November 1869

Édouard Riou · Public domain · file page ↗

The Opening of the Suez Canal (2) 17 November 1869

Appleton's Journal engraving (1869) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Proclamation of the German Empire 18 January 1871

Anton von Werner (1843–1915) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Proclamation of the German Empire (2) 18 January 1871

Franz von Lenbach (1836–1904) · Public domain · file page ↗

The telephone: carrying the voice over wire 7 March 1876

Moffett Studio (Library and Archives Canada / C-017335) · Public domain · file page ↗

The telephone: carrying the voice over wire (2) 7 March 1876

Alexander Graham Bell (U.S. patent 174,465; NARA record 10583213) · Public domain · file page ↗

The incandescent lamp and the rewritten urban night 31 December 1879

Uploaded at en.wp by User:Alkivar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The incandescent lamp and the rewritten urban night (2) 31 December 1879

Earl Morter (IEEE Global History Network / Consolidated Edison) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Berlin Conference and the partition of Africa 15 November 1884 – 26 February 1885

Adalbert von Rößler · Public domain · file page ↗

The Berlin Conference and the partition of Africa (2) 15 November 1884 – 26 February 1885

Unknown 19th-century photographer · Public domain · file page ↗

The Berlin Conference and the partition of Africa (3) 15 November 1884 – 26 February 1885

davidjl123 / Somebody500 (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Greenwich and standard time zones 1–22 October 1884 (International Meridian Conference)

UnaitxuGV, Heitordp and others (based on U.S. CIA outline) · Public domain · file page ↗

Greenwich and standard time zones (2) 1–22 October 1884 (International Meridian Conference)

John Wycliffe Lowes Forster (1850–1938) · Public domain · file page ↗

Greenwich and standard time zones (3) 1–22 October 1884 (International Meridian Conference)

Takasunrise0921 (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY 2.5 · file page ↗

The internal-combustion engine: liquid fuel replaces the horse 1885

Stas Kozlovskiy (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The internal-combustion engine: liquid fuel replaces the horse (2) 1885

Mcapdevila (Wikimedia Commons; 1890 brochure) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The birth of cinema 28 December 1895 (first paying screening)

Unknown photographer · Public domain · file page ↗

The birth of cinema (2) 28 December 1895 (first paying screening)

Unknown · Public domain · file page ↗

Röntgen and X-rays 1895

Unknown (photograph, 1888–1900) · Public domain · file page ↗

Marie Curie and radioactivity 1898

Unknown (c. 1920s photograph) · Public domain · file page ↗

Planck's quantum hypothesis 14 December 1900

Hugo Erfurth · Public domain · file page ↗

The Wright brothers and controlled flight 17 December 1903

John T. Daniels · Public domain · file page ↗

The theory of relativity 1905 (special) – 1915 (general)

F. W. Dyson, A. S. Eddington, and C. Davidson · Public domain · file page ↗

The Young Turk Revolution: a constitution restored by force 23 July 1908

Unknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

Rutherford and the atomic nucleus 1911

Unknown (Library of Congress, restoration) · Public domain · file page ↗

Wegener's continental drift hypothesis January 1912

Unknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

Bohr's atomic model 1913

AB Lagrelius & Westphal · Public domain · file page ↗

The First World War 1914 – 1918

Collection DocAnciens/docpix.fr · Public domain · file page ↗

Dada: Cabaret Voltaire and the birth of anti-art 5 February 1916 (opening of Cabaret Voltaire)

Photograph by Alfred Stieglitz; work by Marcel Duchamp (1917) · Public domain · file page ↗

Dada: Cabaret Voltaire and the birth of anti-art (2) 5 February 1916 (opening of Cabaret Voltaire)

Unknown photographer, 1916 · Public domain · file page ↗

Dada: Cabaret Voltaire and the birth of anti-art (3) 5 February 1916 (opening of Cabaret Voltaire)

Fred Romero · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The October Revolution 25 October 1917 (Julian) / 7 November 1917 (Gregorian)

Grigory Petrovich Goldstein · Public domain · file page ↗

The October Revolution (2) 25 October 1917 (Julian) / 7 November 1917 (Gregorian)

Yakov Guminer · Public domain · file page ↗

The 1918 Influenza Pandemic February 1918 – April 1920

Otis Historical Archives, National Museum of Health and Medicine · Public domain · file page ↗

The 1918 Influenza Pandemic (2) February 1918 – April 1920

Library of Congress / Rawpixel Ltd · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Founding of the League of Nations 10 January 1920

Yann Forget · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Founding of the League of Nations (2) 10 January 1920

Unknown photographer, 1919 · Public domain · file page ↗

The Founding of the League of Nations (3) 10 January 1920

Associated Press, 1919 · Public domain · file page ↗

The March on Rome and the Rise of Fascism 27-29 October 1922

Attributed to Wide World Photos · Public domain · file page ↗

The March on Rome and the Rise of Fascism (2) 27-29 October 1922

Silvio Galimberti · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Founding of the Soviet Union 30 December 1922

Maria Ulyanova · Public domain · file page ↗

The Founding of the Soviet Union (2) 30 December 1922

State Register of Unique Documents of the Archival Fund of the Russian Federation · Public domain · file page ↗

The Frankfurt School: the birth of Critical Theory 3 February 1923

Jeremy J. Shapiro · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Frankfurt School: the birth of Critical Theory (2) 3 February 1923

Dontworry (Wikimedia user) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The proclamation of the Republic of Turkey 29 October 1923

The Prime Ministry of Turkey. It is government property, which original photographer wasn't be listed. · Public domain · file page ↗

The Surrealist Manifesto: an art of the unconscious October 1924 (Surrealist Manifesto)

Unknown photographer · Public domain · file page ↗

The Surrealist Manifesto: an art of the unconscious (2) October 1924 (Surrealist Manifesto)

Salvador Dalí · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Salvador Dalí, Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí · file page ↗

The Surrealist Manifesto: an art of the unconscious (3) October 1924 (Surrealist Manifesto)

René Magritte · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Charly Herscovici / ADAGP, estate of René Magritte · file page ↗

Sound film: The Jazz Singer 6 October 1927 (release)

Warner Bros. (1927) · Public domain · file page ↗

Sound film: The Jazz Singer (2) 6 October 1927 (release)

Unknown (publicity photograph) · Public domain · file page ↗

Penicillin: the dawn of the antibiotic age September 1928

Official photographer · Public domain · file page ↗

The Great Depression 24 October 1929 – c. 1939

Dorothea Lange (U.S. Farm Security Administration) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Great Depression (2) 24 October 1929 – c. 1939

Arthur Rothstein (U.S. Farm Security Administration) · Public domain · file page ↗

Hubble and the expanding universe 1929

Johan Hagemeyer · Public domain · file page ↗

Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems September 1931

Unknown author (Kurt Gödel Papers, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton) · Public domain · file page ↗

Hitler's Rise to Power and the Founding of Nazi Germany 30 January 1933

Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-S38324 · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · file page ↗

Hitler's Rise to Power and the Founding of Nazi Germany (2) 30 January 1933

Unknown (U.S. National Archives, seized property) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Hollywood studio system: culture on an assembly line 1939 (the studio system at its peak)

Selznick International Pictures; Fred Parrish, photographer · Public domain · file page ↗

The Hollywood studio system: culture on an assembly line (2) 1939 (the studio system at its peak)

Metro Pictures Corporation (still) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Second World War 1939 – 1945

Richard Opitz · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · file page ↗

Chicago Pile-1: the first controlled nuclear chain reaction 2 December 1942

Emilio Segrè, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, Segrè Collection · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

Chicago Pile-1: the first controlled nuclear chain reaction (2) 2 December 1942

Wikimedia user Just (photograph) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Manhattan Project: birth of the atomic age 1942 — 1945

Melvin A. Miller of the Argonne National Laboratory · Public domain · file page ↗

The Bretton Woods Conference 1 – 22 July 1944

King of Hearts · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Bretton Woods Conference (2) 1 – 22 July 1944

U.S. Office of War Information / National Archives · Public domain · file page ↗

Hiroshima and Nagasaki: the dawn of the nuclear age 6 and 9 August 1945

George R. Caron / Charles Levy · Public domain · file page ↗

The Founding of the United Nations 24 October 1945

FDR Presidential Library & Museum · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Founding of the United Nations (2) 24 October 1945

Jakub Hałun · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The Founding of the United Nations (3) 24 October 1945

UN Staff Photographer · Public domain · file page ↗

The Cold War begins: a bipolar world 1947 (Truman Doctrine · Marshall Plan · Cominform)

Abbie Rowe, White House / U.S. National Archives (NARA 199350) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Cold War begins: a bipolar world (2) 1947 (Truman Doctrine · Marshall Plan · Cominform)

BigSteve (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Cold War begins: a bipolar world (3) 1947 (Truman Doctrine · Marshall Plan · Cominform)

U.S. Army (photographer unknown) · Public domain · file page ↗

The independence of India and Pakistan 14–15 August 1947

Unknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

The independence of India and Pakistan (2) 14–15 August 1947

Unknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

The transistor: cornerstone of the information age 16 December 1947

Federal employee · Public domain · file page ↗

The founding of the State of Israel and the Palestinian Nakba 14 May 1948 (Tel Aviv)

Rudi Weissenstein / Government Press Office of Israel (D247-041) · Public domain · file page ↗

The founding of the State of Israel and the Palestinian Nakba (2) 14 May 1948 (Tel Aviv)

Unknown photographer, UN Archives · Public domain · file page ↗

The proclamation of the People's Republic of China 1 October 1949

Unknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

The proclamation of the People's Republic of China (2) 1 October 1949

Unknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

The founding of NATO: the military framework of the Cold War 4 April 1949 (Washington)

Abbie Rowe, White House / U.S. National Archives (NARA 200163) · Public domain · file page ↗

The founding of NATO: the military framework of the Cold War (2) 4 April 1949 (Washington)

NATO (vectorisation by Mysid and others) · Public domain · file page ↗

Radiocarbon dating 1949

Willy Pragher (Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg) · CC BY 3.0 DE · file page ↗

The Diners Club Card: the first general-purpose payment card February 1950

Herman Hiller, World Telegram & Sun (Library of Congress) · Public domain (LOC, no copyright restriction known) · file page ↗

The Diners Club Card: the first general-purpose payment card (2) February 1950

Hitomi (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Television Age 1950s

United Press International · Public domain · file page ↗

The Television Age (2) 1950s

CBS Television (publicity) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Television Age (3) 1950s

Pan American Coffee Bureau (copyright not renewed) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Turing test: can machines think? October 1950

Elliott & Fry · Public domain · file page ↗

The DNA double helix: life's script deciphered April 1953

Francis_Crick.png: Photo: Marc Lieberman, per ticket:2015100910022707 derivative work: Materialscientist (talk) · CC BY 2.5 · file page ↗

The Bandung Conference and the wave of decolonisation 18–24 April 1955

Foreign Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia · Public domain · file page ↗

The Bandung Conference and the wave of decolonisation (2) 18–24 April 1955

Themightyquill (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Dartmouth Conference: the birth of AI Summer 1956

"null0" · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

Pop Art: consumer culture enters the gallery 1956 ("This Is Tomorrow" exhibition, London)

Andy Warhol (1962); photo by Brandon Fick · Public domain (US copyright not renewed) · file page ↗

Pop Art: consumer culture enters the gallery (2) 1956 ("This Is Tomorrow" exhibition, London)

Richard Hamilton · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © estate of Richard Hamilton · file page ↗

Pop Art: consumer culture enters the gallery (3) 1956 ("This Is Tomorrow" exhibition, London)

Roy Lichtenstein · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © estate of Roy Lichtenstein · file page ↗

The Suez Crisis 26 July – 7 November 1956

Al-Ahram Newspaper · Public domain · file page ↗

The Suez Crisis (2) 26 July – 7 November 1956

Fleet Air Arm official photographer, Imperial War Museum (MH 23509) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Suez Crisis (3) 26 July – 7 November 1956

Government Press Office (Israel), National Photo Collection (D329-119) · Public domain · file page ↗

Sputnik 1 and the dawn of the Space Age 4 October 1957

NSSDC, NASA · Public domain (NASA) · file page ↗

Sputnik 1 and the dawn of the Space Age (2) 4 October 1957

U.S. Air Force photo · Public domain (U.S. Air Force) · file page ↗

The Treaty of Rome and the European Economic Community 25 March 1957

Hadi (Wolfgang Kopp upload) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Treaty of Rome and the European Economic Community (2) 25 March 1957

Jakub Hałun · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The integrated circuit: birth of the chip September 1958

James R. Biard · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Cuban Missile Crisis: thirteen days 16 – 28 October 1962

Cecil Stoughton, White House · Public domain · file page ↗

Edward Lorenz and chaos theory: the butterfly effect 1963

Wikimol, Dschwen · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Edward Lorenz and chaos theory: the butterfly effect (2) 1963

American Geophysical Union (AGU), courtesy of AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives · Attribution (American Institute of Physics) · file page ↗

Apollo 11: landing on the Moon 20 July 1969

Neil A. Armstrong · Public domain · file page ↗

ARPANET: the birth of the internet 29 October 1969

Steve Jurvetson from Menlo Park, USA · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Nixon Shock: the end of the gold standard 15 August 1971 (Camp David · suspension of the dollar's convertibility into gold)

Oliver F. Atkins, White House Photo Office · Public domain · file page ↗

The Nixon Shock: the end of the gold standard (2) 15 August 1971 (Camp David · suspension of the dollar's convertibility into gold)

U.S. Office of War Information / National Archives (RG 208) · Public domain · file page ↗

The birth of behavioral economics: Prospect Theory March 1979

nrkbeta (Flickr) · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

The birth of behavioral economics: Prospect Theory (2) March 1979

Ohadinbar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Iranian Islamic Revolution January-February 1979 (16 Jan: Shah departs · 1 Feb: Khomeini returns · 11 Feb: revolution)

Unknown photographer / Sajed.ir archive · GFDL · file page ↗

The Iranian Islamic Revolution (2) January-February 1979 (16 Jan: Shah departs · 1 Feb: Khomeini returns · 11 Feb: revolution)

Unknown photographer / Institute for Iranian Contemporary Historical Studies (iichs.ir) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Iranian Islamic Revolution (3) January-February 1979 (16 Jan: Shah departs · 1 Feb: Khomeini returns · 11 Feb: revolution)

Unknown photographer (Iranian press) · Public domain · file page ↗

Alvarez and the impact extinction 1980

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory / U.S. Department of Energy · Public domain · file page ↗

The Chernobyl Disaster: history's largest nuclear accident 26 April 1986 (Chernobyl — Reactor 4 explosion)

IAEA Imagebank / USFCRFC (Ukrainian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries) · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

The Chernobyl Disaster: history's largest nuclear accident (2) 26 April 1986 (Chernobyl — Reactor 4 explosion)

Jason Minshull · Public domain · file page ↗

The Chernobyl Disaster: history's largest nuclear accident (3) 26 April 1986 (Chernobyl — Reactor 4 explosion)

Nzeemin / OpenStreetMap contributors · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

The fall of the Berlin Wall: the end of the Cold War 9 November 1989

Unknown photographer, Reproduction by Lear 21 at English Wikipedia. · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The World Wide Web: a hypertext network 1989 – 1991

User:Coolcaesar at en.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Human Genome Project: life's 3-billion-letter book is read 1 October 1990 (completed 14 April 2003)

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Human Genome Project: life's 3-billion-letter book is read (2) 1 October 1990 (completed 14 April 2003)

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Darryl Leja · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Human Genome Project: life's 3-billion-letter book is read (3) 1 October 1990 (completed 14 April 2003)

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The dissolution of the Soviet Union 26 December 1991

ITAR-TASS · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

Mosaic: the moment the web became readable 1993

Charles Severance · CC0 · file page ↗

The World Trade Organization is founded: the institutional roof of globalization 1 January 1995

Jérémy Toma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The World Trade Organization is founded: the institutional roof of globalization (2) 1 January 1995

Carwil · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Dolly the sheep is born: the first mammal cloned from an adult cell 5 July 1996 (publicly announced 23 February 1997)

london road · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Dolly the sheep is born: the first mammal cloned from an adult cell (2) 5 July 1996 (publicly announced 23 February 1997)

Toni Barros (Flickr) · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

The discovery of dark energy 1998

NASA/ESA, The Hubble Key Project Team and The High-Z Supernova Search Team · Public domain · file page ↗

The discovery of dark energy (2) 1998

NASA/ESA and A. Riess (STScI) · Public domain · file page ↗

The discovery of dark energy (3) 1998

Christopher Michel · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The dot-com bubble and the birth of the digital economy 10 March 2000 (peak) – October 2002 (trough)

Wikipedia user Lalala666 · Public domain · file page ↗

The dot-com bubble and the birth of the digital economy (2) 10 March 2000 (peak) – October 2002 (trough)

Robert Scoble · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The armed drone: war conducted from a distance 2001

Lt. Col. Leslie Pratt (U.S. Air Force) · Public domain · file page ↗

The armed drone: war conducted from a distance (2) 2001

NASA / Tom Tschida · Public domain · file page ↗

The September 11 attacks Tuesday, 11 September 2001

NASA (Expedition 3 crew, International Space Station) · Public domain · file page ↗

The September 11 attacks (2) Tuesday, 11 September 2001

David Shankbone · CC BY 3.0 · file page ↗

MapReduce and the birth of big data 2004

erwinboogert · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

MapReduce and the birth of big data (2) 2004

Carl Lender · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Cloud computing: from owning servers to renting service March-August 2006

Carl Lender · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Cloud computing: from owning servers to renting service (2) March-August 2006

Amazon.com Inc. · Apache License 2.0 · file page ↗

iPhone: the internet that fits in a pocket 9 January 2007

Blake Patterson · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Lehman Brothers bankruptcy and the Global Financial Crisis 15 September 2008 (Lehman bankruptcy) – 2012 (European debt crisis)

David Shankbone · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Lehman Brothers bankruptcy and the Global Financial Crisis (2) 15 September 2008 (Lehman bankruptcy) – 2012 (European debt crisis)

respres (Flickr) · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Bitcoin and blockchain: the first working instance of non-state money 3 January 2009 (Genesis Block)

Steve Jurvetson · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Kepler Space Telescope and the age of exoplanets 7 March 2009

NASA/Regina Mitchell-Ryall, Tom Farrar · Public domain · file page ↗

The Kepler Space Telescope and the age of exoplanets (2) 7 March 2009

NASA/JPL-Caltech/Wendy Stenzel · Public domain · file page ↗

The Kepler Space Telescope and the age of exoplanets (3) 7 March 2009

NASA Ames/SETI Institute/JPL-Caltech · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The Arab Spring: a brief democratic wave and a long aftermath 17 December 2010 (start)

Jonathan Rashad · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The smartphone era: life becomes "always online" 2008-2015 mainstream adoption

Maurizio Pesce · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The smartphone era: life becomes "always online" (2) 2008-2015 mainstream adoption

Marcus Sümnick · CC BY 3.0 · file page ↗

The social media age: the public sphere moves onto platforms 2004-2012 (mass adoption)

mikemacmarketing · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Fukushima Daiichi disaster: nuclear power's breaking point 11 March 2011

DigitalGlobe (VRT/OTRS ticket #2011031710013124) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Fukushima Daiichi disaster: nuclear power's breaking point (2) 11 March 2011

Japan Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

CRISPR-Cas9: the age of writing the script of life June 2012

Elena I Leonova · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

CRISPR-Cas9: the age of writing the script of life (2) June 2012

The Royal Society · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

CRISPR-Cas9: the age of writing the script of life (3) June 2012

Hiroshi Nishimasu, F. Ann Ran, Patrick D. Hsu, Silvana Konermann, Soraya I. Shehata, Naoshi Dohmae, Ryuichiro Ishitani, Feng Zhang, Osamu Nureki · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Higgs boson found: the last brick of the Standard Model 4 July 2012

SimonWaldherr · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Higgs boson found: the last brick of the Standard Model (2) 4 July 2012

CERN for the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Tesla Model S and the rebirth of the electric car 22 June 2012 (first deliveries) and after — the rise of the electric car

Steve Jurvetson (Flickr user jurvetson) · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Tesla Model S and the rebirth of the electric car (2) 22 June 2012 (first deliveries) and after — the rise of the electric car

Mliu92 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The direct detection of gravitational waves 14 September 2015 (announced: 11 February 2016)

LIGO Laboratory · Public domain · file page ↗

The direct detection of gravitational waves (2) 14 September 2015 (announced: 11 February 2016)

Caltech/MIT/LIGO Lab · CC0 · file page ↗

The Paris Climate Agreement: a shared architecture for 196 parties 12 December 2015 (adopted) – 4 November 2016 (in force)

Presidencia de la República Mexicana (Flickr) · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Paris Climate Agreement: a shared architecture for 196 parties (2) 12 December 2015 (adopted) – 4 November 2016 (in force)

Jmdigne · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

AlphaGo defeats Lee Sedol: a new shape of intelligence 9-15 March 2016

Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

AlphaGo defeats Lee Sedol: a new shape of intelligence (2) 9-15 March 2016

Wesalius (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The first direct image of a black hole 10 April 2019

Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The first direct image of a black hole (2) 10 April 2019

EHT Collaboration · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

The first direct image of a black hole (3) 10 April 2019

EHT Collaboration · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

Google Sycamore and the 'quantum supremacy' claim 23 October 2019

Coldupnorth · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Google Sycamore and the 'quantum supremacy' claim (2) 23 October 2019

OJB Quantum · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

Human spaceflight passes to private companies 30 May 2020

NASA / Joel Kowsky · Public domain · file page ↗

The COVID-19 pandemic 2020–2023

NIAID-RML (https://www.niaid.nih.gov/ & https://www.niaid.nih.gov/about/rocky-mountain-laboratories) · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

mRNA vaccines: sending the cell a recipe December 2020

Arne Müseler · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · file page ↗

Renewables cross the cost threshold: solar, wind and the end of the fossil-fuel age ~2020 — Renewable energy becomes the cheapest option worldwide

USAF (United States Air Force) · Public domain · file page ↗

Renewables cross the cost threshold: solar, wind and the end of the fossil-fuel age (2) ~2020 — Renewable energy becomes the cheapest option worldwide

Andy Dingley (original) / Muhammad Mahdi Karim (edit) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Perseverance and Ingenuity: the first flight on Mars February–April 2021

NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS · Public domain · file page ↗

Perseverance and Ingenuity: the first flight on Mars (2) February–April 2021

NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona · Public domain · file page ↗

The chip shortage: a supply chain made visible 2020–2023

Hebbe at German Wikipedia · Public domain · file page ↗

Generative AI: ChatGPT and image models enter the mainstream 2022 (Midjourney, ChatGPT)

Left intentionally blank · Public domain · file page ↗

The James Webb Telescope and the early universe 2022

NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI · Public domain · file page ↗

The Andromeda collision: the end of the Milky Way c. 4.5 billion years from now

NASA, ESA, Z. Levay and R. van der Marel (STScI), T. Hallas, and A. Mellinger · Public domain · file page ↗

The Andromeda collision: the end of the Milky Way (2) c. 4.5 billion years from now

NASA, ESA, A. Feild and R. van der Marel (STScI) · Public domain · file page ↗

Skhul beads: the earliest personal ornamentation c. 100,000 BCE

Hanay · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Blombos Cave: the dawn of symbolic thought c. 75,000 BCE

Chris S. Henshilwood · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Venus of Hohle Fels: the oldest known figurative sculpture c. 40,000 BCE

Ramessos · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Sulawesi cave art: the earliest figurative paintings c. 40,000 BCE

Cahyo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Lion-Man: imagination carved in ivory c. 40,000 – 35,000 BCE

Dagmar Hollmann · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Chauvet Cave: paintings that broke the linear story of art c. 36,000 – 30,000 BCE

HTO · Public Domain · file page ↗

Venus of Willendorf: the Paleolithic figurine's icon c. 30,000 – 25,000 BCE

MatthiasKabel · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Altamira: the polychrome summit of Paleolithic painting c. 36,000 – 13,000 BCE

Museo de Altamira y D. Rodríguez · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Lascaux: the Paleolithic world of images c. 17,000 – 15,000 BCE

Prof saxx · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Göbekli Tepe reliefs and stone pillars c. 9,500 BCE

Arekrishna · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Göbekli Tepe reliefs and stone pillars (2) c. 9,500 BCE

Guérin Nicolas · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Çatalhöyük wall paintings: art inside the house c. 7,400 – 6,000 BCE

Dosseman · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Narmer Palette: founding iconography c. 3100 BCE

Unknown (ancient artist); photograph: Egyptian Museum, Cairo · Public Domain · file page ↗

Stonehenge: prehistoric architecture as sculpture c. 3000 – 2500 BCE

garethwiscombe · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx c. 2600 BCE

KennyOMG · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Cycladic figurines: the Aegean's first language of abstraction c. 2700 – 2300 BCE

Unknown (ancient artist); photograph: Marsyas · Public Domain · file page ↗

The Standard of Ur: war and peace c. 2500 BCE

Denis Bourez · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The stele of the Code of Hammurabi: the monumental image of law c. 1754 BCE

Mbzt · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Bust of Nefertiti: the light of Amarna art c. 1345 BCE

Philip Pikart · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The golden mask of Tutankhamun c. 1323 BCE

Roland Unger · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Olmec colossal heads: the first monumental portraits of the Americas c. 1200 – 900 BCE

Maribel Ponce Ixba · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Babylon's Ishtar Gate: the empire in glazed brick c. 575 BCE

Rafael Jiménez · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Kouros of Anavyssos: the awakening of Greek sculpture c. 530 BCE

Unknown (ancient sculptor); photograph: Wikimedia contributor · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Parthenon: the temple of classical proportion 447 – 432 BCE

Steve Swayne · CC BY 2.5 · file page ↗

The Sanchi Stupa: the birth of Buddhist monumental art 3rd c. BCE – 1st c. CE

Biswarup Ganguly · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Terracotta Army: Qin Shi Huang's funerary garrison c. 246 – 210 BCE

Maros Mraz · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Winged Victory of Samothrace: Hellenistic dynamism c. 190 BCE

Julian Fong · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

The Pergamon Altar: dramatic Hellenistic relief c. 170 BCE

Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Venus de Milo: the Hellenistic body c. 130 – 100 BCE

Livioandronico2013 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The frescoes of the Villa of the Mysteries: Pompeii's living walls c. 70 – 60 BCE

Carole Raddato · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Ara Pacis Augustae: Altar of Augustan Peace c. 13 – 9 BCE

SW · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Ara Pacis Augustae: Altar of Augustan Peace (2) c. 13 – 9 BCE

Institute for the Study of the Ancient World · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

The Augustus of Prima Porta: the face of an empire c. 15 – 20 CE

Till Niermann · Public Domain · file page ↗

Flavian Amphitheater: The Colosseum 80 CE

FeaturedPics · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Flavian Amphitheater: The Colosseum (2) 80 CE

Colin · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Fayum portraits: looking into a face c. 100 CE

Unknown (Roman Egypt) · Public domain · file page ↗

Teotihuacan: the Avenue of the Dead c. 100 – 550 CE

Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

The Pantheon of Rome: the dome as space c. 113 – 125 CE

Diliff · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Gandhara Buddha statues: East meets West c. 1st – 5th century

World Imaging · Public domain · file page ↗

Gandhara Buddha statues: East meets West (2) c. 1st – 5th century

Ismoon (talk) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Hagia Sophia: the imperial architecture of light and dome 532 – 537

Arild Vågen · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

San Vitale mosaics: the gold ground of Byzantium c. 526 – 547

Commonists · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Dome of the Rock: the aniconic language of Islamic art c. 691 – 692

Andrew Shiva · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Tōdai-ji Temple and the Great Buddha 752 CE

Douglas P. Perkins · CC BY 3.0 · file page ↗

Tōdai-ji Temple and the Great Buddha (2) 752 CE

Jean-Pierre Dalbéra from Paris, France · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Mosque of Córdoba: a forest of arches c. 785 – 987

Toni Castillo Quero · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

Book of Kells: the peak of insular illumination c. 800

Unattributed · Public domain · file page ↗

Fan Kuan and Chinese landscape painting c. 1000

Fan Kuan · Public domain · file page ↗

Bayeux Tapestry: a conquest in 70 metres of cloth c. 1070s

Unknown · Public domain · file page ↗

Autun Cathedral and Gislebertus's Last Judgment tympanum c. 1120 – 1146

Pierre Bona · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Chartres Cathedral: the mature statement of Gothic 1194 – 1220

Olvr · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Sainte-Chapelle: the chapel where the wall became light 1238 – 1248

Didier B (Sam67fr) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Giotto's Scrovegni Chapel: space enters painting 1303 – 1305

Zairon · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Duccio and the Maestà of Siena 1308–1311

Duccio di Buoninsegna · Public domain · file page ↗

Alhambra: the last Andalusian summary of Islamic art c. 1238 – 1391

Jebulon · CC0 · file page ↗

Rublev's Trinity icon c. 1411

Andrei Rublev · Public domain · file page ↗

Brunelleschi's linear perspective experiment c. 1415

Lucarelli · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Ghent Altarpiece and the oil painting revolution 1432

Jan van Eyck / Presumably Hubert van Eyck · Public domain · file page ↗

The Birth of Venus: pagan mythology returns to Christian Florence c. 1484 – 1486

Sandro Botticelli (painter); The Yorck Project (photographic reproduction) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Bihzad and the summit of Persian miniature 1488

Kamal ud-Din Bihzad · Public domain · file page ↗

Dürer's 1500 Self-Portrait: the artist as Christ 1500

Albrecht Dürer (painter); high-resolution photographic reproduction · Public Domain · file page ↗

Mona Lisa: the apex of Renaissance portraiture c. 1503 – 1506

Leonardo da Vinci (painter); C2RMF (photographic reproduction) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Michelangelo's David: the Renaissance sculpture's scale revolution 1501 – 1504

Jörg Bittner Unna · CC BY 3.0 · file page ↗

The Garden of Earthly Delights: Bosch's three-panelled nightmare c. 1490 – 1510

Hieronymus Bosch (painter); Museo del Prado (photographic reproduction) · Public Domain · file page ↗

The School of Athens: the High Renaissance manifesto of philosophy 1509 – 1511

Raffaello Sanzio (painter); Vatican Museums high-resolution reproduction · Public Domain · file page ↗

The Sistine Chapel ceiling: Michelangelo's four-year fresco 1508 – 1512

Antoine Taveneaux · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

The Ambassadors: Holbein's anamorphic skull and Reformation Europe 1533

Hans Holbein the Younger (painter); National Gallery, London (photographic reproduction) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Parmigianino and the Madonna with the Long Neck c. 1534 – 1540

Parmigianino · Public domain · file page ↗

Titian's Venus of Urbino: the colour of Venice 1538

Titian (Tiziano Vecellio) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Benin Bronzes and West African casting c. 1550

Michel wal · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Mimar Sinan and the Süleymaniye Complex 1550 – 1557

Jorge Láscar from Australia · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Hunters in the Snow: landscape becomes its own subject 1565

Pieter Bruegel the Elder (painter); Google Art Project (reproduction) · Public Domain · file page ↗

The Selimiye Mosque: Sinan's masterwork 1568 – 1574

Stylommatophora (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

El Greco and the Burial of the Count of Orgaz 1586

El Greco (Doménikos Theotokópoulos) · Public domain · file page ↗

Caravaggio's Calling of Saint Matthew: the moment Baroque invented its darkness 1599 – 1600

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (painter); Wikimedia Commons (photographic reproduction) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Rubens and the energy of Northern Baroque c. 1610

Peter Paul Rubens · Public domain · file page ↗

Artemisia Gentileschi and Judith c. 1620

Artemisia Gentileschi · Public domain · file page ↗

Mughal painting and the allegory of Jahangir c. 1620

Bichitr · Public domain · file page ↗

Rembrandt's Night Watch: the group portrait turned stage 1642

Rembrandt van Rijn (painter); Rijksmuseum (photographic reproduction) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Bernini's Ecstasy of Saint Teresa: the chapel where sculpture, architecture, and theatre converge 1647 – 1652

Alvesgaspar (photographer); Gian Lorenzo Bernini (sculptor) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Velázquez's Las Meninas: the painting in which the painter places himself inside 1656

Diego Velázquez (painter); Museo del Prado (photographic reproduction) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring: not a portrait but a *tronie* — the face as type c. 1665

Johannes Vermeer (painter); Mauritshuis (photographic reproduction) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Levni and the Surname-i Vehbi miniatures 1720

Abdülcelil Levni Çelebi · Public domain · file page ↗

Fragonard's The Swing: the smile of the painting that marked the political death of Rococo c. 1767 – 1768

Jean-Honoré Fragonard (painter); Wallace Collection (photographic reproduction) · Public Domain · file page ↗

David's Oath of the Horatii: the end of Rococo, the beginning of revolutionary painting 1784

Jacques-Louis David (painter); Google Art Project (photographic reproduction) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Goya — The Third of May 1808: the beginning of modern painting 1814

Francisco Goya (1746–1828) · Public domain · file page ↗

Friedrich and the sublime of German Romanticism c. 1818

Caspar David Friedrich · Public domain · file page ↗

The Raft of the Medusa: Romanticism faces a real disaster 1818 – 1819

Théodore Géricault · Public domain · file page ↗

Delacroix — Liberty Leading the People 1830

Eugène Delacroix (1798–1863) · Public domain · file page ↗

Hokusai — The Great Wave off Kanagawa c. 1830 – 1833

Katsushika Hokusai (1760–1849) · Public domain · file page ↗

Turner and Rain, Steam, and Speed 1844

J. M. W. Turner · Public domain · file page ↗

Gustave Courbet and The Stone Breakers 1849

Gustave Courbet · Public domain · file page ↗

A Burial at Ornans: the manifesto of Realism 1849 – 1850

Gustave Courbet · Public domain · file page ↗

Hiroshige and the poetry of the Japanese print 1857

Utagawa Hiroshige · Public domain · file page ↗

Manet's Olympia: the threshold of modernism 1863

Édouard Manet · Public domain · file page ↗

Photography becomes art: Nadar and Cameron the 1860s

Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon) · Public domain · file page ↗

Photography becomes art: Nadar and Cameron (2) the 1860s

Julia Margaret Cameron (restoration: Adam Cuerden) · Public domain · file page ↗

Monet's Impression, Sunrise: how Impressionism got its name 1872

Claude Monet · Public domain · file page ↗

Rodin's The Thinker: the birth of modern sculpture 1880 (conceived), later casts

Kaisching · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Van Gogh's Starry Night: the window at Saint-Rémy June 1889

Vincent van Gogh · Public domain · file page ↗

Munch's The Scream: a herald of Expressionism 1893

Edvard Munch · Public domain · file page ↗

Gauguin: Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? 1897–98

Paul Gauguin · Public domain · file page ↗

Cézanne's Mont Sainte-Victoire: father of modern art c. 1904

Paul Cézanne · Public domain · file page ↗

Matisse and the birth of Fauvism 1905

Henri Matisse · Public domain · file page ↗

Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon: the opening of Cubism 1907

Pablo Picasso · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Succession Picasso / Artists Rights Society · file page ↗

Klimt's The Kiss: the gold apex of the Vienna Secession 1907 – 1908

Gustav Klimt · Public domain · file page ↗

Kandinsky and the first abstract watercolor 1910 – 1913

Wassily Kandinsky · Public domain · file page ↗

Malevich's Black Square: the removal of subject from painting 1915

Kazimir Malevich · Public domain · file page ↗

Duchamp's Fountain: the readymade as art 1917

Marcel Duchamp / Alfred Stieglitz · Public domain · file page ↗

André Breton and the Surrealist Manifesto 1924

André Breton · Public domain · file page ↗

Magritte: 'This is not a pipe' 1929

René Magritte · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Charly Herscovici / SABAM · file page ↗

Mondrian and the order of pure abstraction 1930

Piet Mondrian · Public domain · file page ↗

Dalí's The Persistence of Memory: the melting clocks 1931

Salvador Dalí · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Fundació Gala-Salvador Dalí / Artists Rights Society · file page ↗

Picasso's Guernica: a black-and-white witness to war May – June 1937

Pablo Picasso · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Succession Picasso / Artists Rights Society · file page ↗

Pollock's No. 5, 1948: the peak of drip painting 1948

Jackson Pollock · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Pollock-Krasner Foundation / Artists Rights Society · file page ↗

Turkish Contemporary Art and Bedri Rahmi Mosaics 1950–1990

Gkarabacak · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Matisse: Paper Cutouts and the Blue Nudes ~1950

Henri Matisse · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Success Henri Matisse / Artists Rights Society · file page ↗

Yves Klein: Anthropometries and the Blue Revolution ~1960

Unknown authorUnknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

Warhol's Campbell's Soup Cans: the opening series of Pop Art 1962

Brandon Fick · Public domain · file page ↗

Kosuth: One and Three Chairs 1965

Joseph Kosuth · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Joseph Kosuth / Artists Rights Society · file page ↗

Donald Judd: Untitled (stack) 1967

Infoart at English Wikipedia · Public domain · file page ↗

Robert Smithson: Spiral Jetty ~1970

Sculpture: Robert Smithson 1938-1973Image:Soren.harward at en.wikipedia · Public domain · file page ↗

Rothko Chapel: a place of worship as painting-space 1964 – 1971

David Van Horn from Boston, MA, USA · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Marina Abramović: Rhythm 0 November 1974

Raph_PH · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Beuys: I Like America and America Likes Me ~1974

Joseph Beuys · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Joseph Beuys / Artists Rights Society · file page ↗

Cindy Sherman: stills from films that do not exist 1977–1980

Cindy Sherman · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Cindy Sherman / Metro Pictures · file page ↗

Cindy Sherman: stills from films that do not exist (2) 1977–1980

Cindy Sherman · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Cindy Sherman / Metro Pictures · file page ↗

Basquiat's Untitled (Skull) 1982

Jean-Michel Basquiat · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Estate of Jean-Michel Basquiat / Artists Rights Society · file page ↗

Wrapped Reichstag: a parliament absent for fourteen days June – July 1995

dontworry · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Gehry — Guggenheim Museum Bilbao 1997

Naotake Murayama · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

Louise Bourgeois and Maman 1999

John Talbot · CC BY 2.0 · file page ↗

Banksy: Girl with Balloon 2002

Banksy · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Pest Control Office Ltd / Banksy · file page ↗

Marina Abramović: The Artist Is Present March – May 2010

Manfred Werner / Tsui · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Rise of AI and Generative Art / Refik Anadol ~2018

Refik Anadol · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Beeple: Everydays — The First 5000 Days March 2021

Beeple (Mike Winkelmann) · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Mike Winkelmann (Beeple) · file page ↗

Théâtre D'opéra Spatial: AI wins an art competition August 2022

Jason M. Allen via Midjourney · Public domain — AI-generated work, ineligible for copyright (US Copyright Office) · file page ↗

Cattelan's Banana: sold for $6.2M, then eaten November 2024

Maurizio Cattelan · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Maurizio Cattelan · file page ↗

Zoroaster and Cosmic Dualism c. 1000 BCE

LBM1948 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Thales and the birth of natural philosophy c. 585 BCE

Wilhelm Meyer (1844–1944), after a 4th-century bust · Public domain · file page ↗

Confucius and the turning of ethics into politics 551–479 BCE (Confucius)

After Wu Daozi (Tang dönemi, 8. yüzyıl) · Public domain · file page ↗

Pythagoras and the order of numbers c. 530 BCE

Szilas (photograph of a Roman marble bust) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Buddha and the Four Noble Truths c. 5th century BCE

World Imaging (fotoğraf, 2004); heykel: Gandhara, 1.–2. yüzyıl · Public domain · file page ↗

Heraclitus: flux and logos c. 500 BCE

Johannes Moreelse (yaklaşık 1630) · Public domain · file page ↗

Lao Tzu and the Tao Te Ching: the uncarved silence of the Way c. 500 BCE

Thanato (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Lao Tzu and the Tao Te Ching: the uncarved silence of the Way (2) c. 500 BCE

Unknown (Han dynasty scribe); photographer uploaded to Wikimedia Commons · Public Domain · file page ↗

Writing of the Upanishads: foundations of Eastern philosophy c. 500 BCE

Ms Sarah Welch · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Parmenides and Zeno: is change an illusion? c. 450 BCE

Sergio Spolti · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Protagoras and the Sophists c. 440 BCE

Jusepe de Ribera · Public domain · file page ↗

The death of Socrates: philosophy's first martyr 399 BCE

Eric Gaba (Wikimedia user Sting) · CC BY-SA 2.5 · file page ↗

Plato's Republic and the Theory of Forms c. 380 BCE

Plato · Public domain · file page ↗

Diogenes and the Cynic life c. 350 BCE

Unknown (Roman mosaic) · Public domain · file page ↗

Aristotle founds the Lyceum: the systematisation of knowledge 335 BCE

Jastrow (fotoğraf, 2006); büst: Lysippos'tan sonra Roma kopyası, İÖ ~330 · Public domain (CC0) · file page ↗

Zhuangzi and the butterfly dream c. 320 BCE

Unknown (traditional Chinese painting) · Public domain · file page ↗

Epicurus founds the Garden: a materialist ethics of tranquillity c. 307 BCE

Marie-Lan Nguyen (fotoğraf, 2011); büst: Roma kopyası, İÖ geç 3.–erken 2. yüzyıl · Public domain · file page ↗

Zeno of Citium founds Stoicism c. 301 BCE

Shakko · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Mengzi and the goodness of human nature c. 300 BCE

Unknown (traditional Chinese portrait) · Public domain · file page ↗

Nagarjuna and the doctrine of emptiness c. 150 CE

Unknown (Tibetan, c. 1700) · Public domain · file page ↗

Marcus Aurelius and the Meditations c. 170–180 CE

Carole Raddato · CC BY-SA 2.0 · file page ↗

Sextus Empiricus and ancient skepticism c. 200 CE

Sextus Empiricus (printed edition title page) · Public domain · file page ↗

Plotinus and the Enneads: the rise of Neoplatonism c. 250–270 CE

Anonim (Wikimedia kullanıcısı) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Augustine completes the City of God c. 413 – 426 CE

Philippe de Champaigne (1602–1674) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Boethius writes the Consolation of Philosophy in prison c. 524 CE

Anonymous (medieval manuscript) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Closure of the Athenian Academy: end of pagan philosophy 529 CE

Tomisti · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Shankara and Advaita Vedanta c. 800 CE

Raja Ravi Varma · Public domain · file page ↗

The House of Wisdom and the Arabic translation movement c. 750 – 900

Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti (1237) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Al-Farabi: the 'Second Teacher' c. 870 – 950

Hartmann Schedel, Liber Chronicarum, 1493 · Public Domain · file page ↗

Ibn Sina's Kitab al-Shifa and the 'Floating Man' c. 1027

Adam Jones · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Anselm's Proslogion: the ontological argument c. 1078

Anonymous (medieval manuscript) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Al-Ghazali's Incoherence of the Philosophers c. 1095

Anonymous (Ottoman manuscript) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Abelard's Sic et Non: contradictory authorities c. 1120

Anonymous (19th-century engraving) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Zhu Xi and Neo-Confucianism c. 1175

Unknown (traditional Chinese portrait) · Public domain · file page ↗

Averroes' commentaries on Aristotle c. 1180

Andrea di Bonaiuto (c. 1366–1368) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Maimonides' Guide for the Perplexed c. 1190

Moses Maimonides (manuscript scribe unknown) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Aquinas begins the Summa Theologiae 1265–1274 (left unfinished)

Carlo Crivelli (c. 1476) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Rumi and the Masnavi: the mystical tradition at its height in Konya c. 1270

Murat Özsoy 1958 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Rumi and the Masnavi: the mystical tradition at its height in Konya (2) c. 1270

Anonymous (Shiraz, c. 1460) · Public domain · file page ↗

Rumi and the Masnavi: the mystical tradition at its height in Konya (3) c. 1270

Baltazar Faunbäck · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

William of Ockham and the rule of the razor c. 1320

Anonymous (medieval manuscript) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Ibn Khaldun and the Muqaddimah: the birth of a science of history 1377

Reda Kerbouche · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man 1486

Cristofano dell'Altissimo (c. 1552–1568), Uffizi Gallery · Public Domain · file page ↗

Machiavelli's *The Prince*: politics severed from morality 1513

Santi di Tito (1536–1603); posthumous portrait · Public Domain · file page ↗

More's *Utopia*: critique as no-place 1516

Hans Holbein the Younger (1527); Google Art Project reproduction · Public Domain · file page ↗

Montaigne's *Essays*: a new form for thinking about oneself 1580

Antoine Maurin (lithograph, c. 1850), after earlier portraits · Public Domain · file page ↗

Bacon's *Novum Organum*: the programme of induction 1620

Paul van Somer I (1617) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Descartes and the Meditations on First Philosophy 1641

Frans Hals (painter, 1649); André Hatala et al. (photographic reproduction) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Hobbes' *Leviathan*: the state born of fear 1651

Abraham Bosse, with input from Thomas Hobbes (1651) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Spinoza's *Ethics*: God, or Nature 1677

Anonymous (c. 1665); Herzog August Library, Wolfenbüttel · Public Domain · file page ↗

Locke's *Essay Concerning Human Understanding*: the mind as blank slate 1689

Godfrey Kneller (1697) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Locke's *Two Treatises of Government*: consent and the right of resistance 1690

Godfrey Kneller (1697) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Leibniz and the Monadology: windowless atoms and the best of all possible worlds 1714

Christoph Bernhard Francke (c. 1695) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Leibniz and the Monadology: windowless atoms and the best of all possible worlds (2) 1714

Photograph by Kolossos (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Vico's New Science: history has laws of its own 1725

Giuseppe Fusinati · CC0 · file page ↗

Hume's *Treatise of Human Nature*: the limits of reason 1739

Allan Ramsay (1754) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws and the separation of powers 1748

Anonymous, 18th century · Public Domain · file page ↗

The Encyclopédie: the Enlightenment's industrial-scale map of knowledge 1751 – 1772 (17 text volumes)

Engraving by Benoît-Louis Prévost after a drawing by Charles-Nicolas Cochin (1772) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Rousseau's *Social Contract*: the general will 1762

Maurice Quentin de La Tour (c. 1753) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Adam Smith's *Wealth of Nations*: the market, the division of labour, and the invisible hand 1776

After James Tassie medallion of 1787; engraving 19th c. · Public Domain · file page ↗

Kant's *Critique of Pure Reason*: reason draws its own limits 1781

Unknown (c. 1790), possibly from the school of Anton Graff · Public Domain · file page ↗

Bentham and utilitarianism 1789

Henry William Pickersgill · Public domain · file page ↗

Wollstonecraft's *Vindication of the Rights of Woman*: reason has no sex 1792

John Opie (c. 1797) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Hegel and the Phenomenology of Spirit 1807

Jakob Schlesinger · Public domain · file page ↗

Schopenhauer and The World as Will and Representation 1819

Johann Schäfer · Public domain · file page ↗

Comte and the Course on Positive Philosophy 1830 – 1842

Johan Hendrik Hoffmeister · Public domain · file page ↗

Kierkegaard and Either / Or 1843

La Biblioteca Real de Dinamarca · Public domain · file page ↗

Marx and Engels: The Communist Manifesto February 1848

Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx · Public domain · file page ↗

Mill and On Liberty 1859

London Stereoscopic Company · Public domain · file page ↗

Peirce and the birth of pragmatism 1878

Unknown (19th-century photograph) · Public domain · file page ↗

Frege and the Begriffsschrift: a revolution in logic 2200 years after Aristotle 1879

Unknown photographer (c. 1879) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Frege and the Begriffsschrift: a revolution in logic 2200 years after Aristotle (2) 1879

Gottlob Frege / Verlag Louis Nebert (1879) · Public Domain · file page ↗

Nietzsche and Thus Spoke Zarathustra 1883 – 1885

Friedrich Hermann Hartmann · Public domain · file page ↗

William James and American pragmatism 1890 – 1907

Notman Studios · Public domain · file page ↗

Freud — The Interpretation of Dreams and the discovery of the unconscious 1899 (dated 1900 on cover)

Max Halberstadt (1882–1940) · Public domain · file page ↗

Husserl and the Logical Investigations 1900 – 1901

Unknown (Mondadori Publishers) · Public domain · file page ↗

Bergson's Creative Evolution and time as duration 1907

Henri Manuel, c. 1927 · Public Domain · file page ↗

Russell and Whitehead's Principia Mathematica: reducing mathematics to logic 1910 (vol. I) — 1913 (vol. III)

Whitehead and Russell (1910); scan by Nick Dillinger · Public domain · file page ↗

Russell and Whitehead's Principia Mathematica: reducing mathematics to logic (2) 1910 (vol. I) — 1913 (vol. III)

Unknown photographer (1907) · Public domain · file page ↗

Russell and Whitehead's Principia Mathematica: reducing mathematics to logic (3) 1910 (vol. I) — 1913 (vol. III)

Whitehead and Russell (1910) · Public domain · file page ↗

Wittgenstein and the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 1921

Moritz Nähr · Public domain · file page ↗

Cassirer's Philosophy of Symbolic Forms 1923 – 1929 (three volumes)

Unknown photographer, early 20th century · Public Domain · file page ↗

Heidegger and Being and Time 1927

Willy Pragher · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

Gramsci and the concept of hegemony 1929–1935 (Prison Notebooks)

Unknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

The Vienna Circle manifesto: the scientific world-conception 1929

Unknown photographer; held by Archives of Scientific Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh · Fair use — educational thumbnail, PD-US (published 1930) · file page ↗

The Vienna Circle manifesto: the scientific world-conception (2) 1929

Unknown photographer (early 20th century) · Public domain · file page ↗

The Vienna Circle manifesto: the scientific world-conception (3) 1929

Composite of public-domain portraits · Public domain · file page ↗

The institutionalisation of philosophy in Turkey: the 1933 University Reform 1933 (and after: the generation of Gökberk, Hızır, Ülken)

Unknown photographer, early 20th century · Public Domain · file page ↗

Popper and falsifiability 1934

LSE Library · No known copyright restrictions · file page ↗

Sartre and Being and Nothingness 1943

Unknown authorUnknown author · CC BY-SA 3.0 nl · file page ↗

Merleau-Ponty and the phenomenology of the body 1945

Perig Gouanvic (philosophical-investigations.org) · CC BY 3.0 · file page ↗

Horkheimer & Adorno: Dialectic of Enlightenment 1944 / 1947

Jeremy J. Shapiro · CC BY-SA 3.0 · file page ↗

Simone de Beauvoir — The Second Sex 1949

Cover of the first edition (Éditions Gallimard, 1949) · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Éditions Gallimard · file page ↗

Quine and 'Two Dogmas of Empiricism': analytic philosophy changes course 1951

Maryclaire Quine · CC BY 4.0 · file page ↗

Quine and 'Two Dogmas of Empiricism': analytic philosophy changes course (2) 1951

Unknown photographer (University of Pittsburgh archives, 1935) · CC0 · file page ↗

Wittgenstein — Philosophical Investigations 1953 (posthumous, two years after his death)

Cover of the first English edition (Basil Blackwell, 1953) · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © Basil Blackwell / The Wittgenstein Estate · file page ↗

Hannah Arendt and The Human Condition: labor, work, action 1958

Barbara Niggl Radloff / Münchner Stadtmuseum · CC BY-SA 4.0 · file page ↗

Hannah Arendt and The Human Condition: labor, work, action (2) 1958

Unknown author — American Memory, Library of Congress · Public domain · file page ↗

Fanon and the psychology of colonialism 1961

Unknown author · Public domain · file page ↗

Levinas and the face of the Other 1961

Bracha L. Ettinger · CC BY-SA 2.5 · file page ↗

Kuhn — The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 1962

Cover of the first edition (University of Chicago Press, 1962) · Fair use — educational thumbnail, © University of Chicago Press · file page ↗